How do PHP date functions handle timestamps before 1970?

PHP date functions cannot handle timestamps before 1970 because Unix timestamps start from January 1, 1970. To handle timestamps before 1970, you can convert the timestamp to a DateTime object using the DateTime class in PHP, which can handle dates outside the Unix timestamp range.

$timestamp = -1234567890; // Example timestamp before 1970

$date = new DateTime();
$date->setTimestamp($timestamp);

echo $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'); // Output the date in desired format