How can the code be refactored to handle errors more effectively, especially in relation to the use of echos and header() calls?

To handle errors more effectively, especially in relation to the use of echos and header() calls, it's recommended to separate the logic of error handling from the code that generates output. This can be achieved by using exceptions to catch errors and then displaying an appropriate message to the user. Additionally, utilizing the header() function for redirection should be done before any output is sent to the browser to prevent any header already sent errors.

<?php
try {
    // Your code that may generate errors
    if (/* condition for error */) {
        throw new Exception("An error occurred");
    }

    // Your code that generates output
    echo "Success!";
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // Handle the error
    echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}
?>