What are the potential pitfalls of using ucfirst() and strtolower() functions in PHP?

Using ucfirst() and strtolower() functions in PHP may lead to unexpected results if the input string contains special characters or multibyte characters. To ensure proper handling of such characters, it's recommended to use mb_convert_case() function instead, which supports multibyte characters. 

// Using mb_convert_case() function to handle special characters and multibyte characters
$inputString = "hEllo, wOrld!";
$lowercaseString = mb_convert_case($inputString, MB_CASE_LOWER, "UTF-8");
$uppercaseString = mb_convert_case($inputString, MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");

echo $lowercaseString; // Output: "hello, world!"
echo $uppercaseString; // Output: "HELLO, WORLD!"

Keywords

ucfirst strtolower PHP string manipulation case sensitivity

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