Where is it typically recommended to implement caching instructions in PHP applications - in the model or controller for database caching, and in the view class or controller for view caching?

Caching instructions in PHP applications are typically recommended to be implemented in the model for database caching and in the view class or controller for view caching. This helps to improve performance by storing frequently accessed data in memory or files, reducing the need to repeatedly fetch or render data.

// Example of implementing database caching in the model
class User extends Model {
    public function getUsers() {
        $cacheKey = 'users_data';
        $users = Cache::get($cacheKey);

        if (!$users) {
            $users = $this->query('SELECT * FROM users');
            Cache::put($cacheKey, $users, 60); // Cache for 60 seconds
        }

        return $users;
    }
}

// Example of implementing view caching in the view class or controller
class HomeController {
    public function index() {
        $cacheKey = 'home_page';
        $content = Cache::get($cacheKey);

        if (!$content) {
            $data = ['title' => 'Home Page', 'content' => 'Welcome to our website'];
            $content = View::render('home', $data);
            Cache::put($cacheKey, $content, 300); // Cache for 300 seconds
        }

        return $content;
    }
}