When using CURLOPT_RANGE in PHP, should the file size be subtracted by 1, and why?

When using CURLOPT_RANGE in PHP, the file size should be subtracted by 1 because the range is zero-based. This means that the first byte of the file is considered to be at position 0, not 1. By subtracting 1 from the file size, you ensure that the range is correctly specified to include all bytes of the file. 

$filesize = filesize('example.txt');
$range = "0-" . ($filesize - 1);
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://example.com/example.txt');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RANGE, $range);
curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);

Keywords

CURLOPT_RANGE PHP file size subtracted by 1 explanation

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