When should exception handling be applied in PHP database access with ORM?

Exception handling should be applied in PHP database access with ORM to handle any potential errors that may occur during database operations, such as connection failures, query errors, or data retrieval issues. By using try-catch blocks, you can capture these exceptions and handle them gracefully, providing meaningful error messages to the user or logging them for debugging purposes.

try {
    // Your ORM database access code here
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo "An error occurred: " . $e->getMessage();
    // Handle the error appropriately, such as logging it or displaying a user-friendly message
}