When following MVC architecture in PHP, what are the considerations for passing database objects to models and controllers without violating design principles?

When passing database objects to models and controllers in PHP while following the MVC architecture, it's important to avoid directly accessing the database connection or querying the database within the controller. Instead, the controller should interact with the model, which in turn interacts with the database. This separation of concerns helps maintain a clean and organized codebase. 

// Controller
class UserController {
    public function getUser($userId) {
        $userModel = new UserModel();
        $userData = $userModel->getUserData($userId);
        
        // Further processing or rendering
    }
}

// Model
class UserModel {
    public function getUserData($userId) {
        $db = new Database(); // Instantiate a database connection
        $userData = $db->query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?", [$userId]);
        
        return $userData;
    }
}

Keywords

MVC architecture PHP database objects models controllers

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