What strategies can be employed to debug and troubleshoot PHP code that is not producing the expected results in calculations?

When debugging PHP code that is not producing the expected results in calculations, one strategy is to use var_dump() or print_r() to inspect the values of variables involved in the calculations. This can help identify any unexpected data types or values that may be causing the issue. Additionally, checking for errors in the logic of the calculations or any missing or incorrect mathematical operators can also help pinpoint the problem.

// Example PHP code snippet demonstrating how to debug and troubleshoot calculations

// Incorrect calculation
$number1 = 10;
$number2 = 5;
$result = $number1 + $number2 * 2; // Expecting result to be 20

// Debugging using var_dump()
var_dump($result); // Output: int(15)

// Correct calculation
$result = ($number1 + $number2) * 2; // Corrected calculation

// Debugging using var_dump()
var_dump($result); // Output: int(30)