What strategies can be employed to optimize PHP scripts to prevent memory exhaustion errors during execution?

Memory exhaustion errors in PHP scripts can be prevented by optimizing the code to reduce memory usage. One strategy is to limit the amount of data stored in memory at any given time by using iterators or generators instead of loading large datasets into arrays. Additionally, freeing up memory by unsetting variables or objects that are no longer needed can help prevent memory exhaustion errors during execution.

// Example of using iterators to prevent memory exhaustion
$largeDataSet = [1, 2, 3, ...]; // large array of data
$iterator = new ArrayIterator($largeDataSet);
foreach ($iterator as $item) {
    // process each item without loading the entire dataset into memory
}