What steps should PHP developers take to resolve SSL certificate issues when working with external APIs like FinTS?

SSL certificate issues when working with external APIs like FinTS can be resolved by ensuring that the PHP application trusts the certificate authority that issued the SSL certificate. This can be done by configuring the PHP cURL library to use a specific CA certificate bundle that includes the necessary root certificates.

// Set the path to the CA certificate bundle
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, '/path/to/cacert.pem');

// Verify the SSL certificate
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2);