What steps should be taken to debug and troubleshoot PHP code when encountering unexpected errors or issues?

When encountering unexpected errors or issues in PHP code, the first step is to enable error reporting to display any errors or warnings. This can be done by adding `error_reporting(E_ALL);` at the beginning of the PHP script. Next, check for syntax errors, missing semicolons, or incorrect variable names. Use `var_dump()` or `print_r()` to inspect variables and their values to identify any issues. Finally, consider using a debugging tool like Xdebug to step through the code and pinpoint the problem.

error_reporting(E_ALL);

// Your PHP code here