What steps can be taken to troubleshoot and resolve errors related to file permissions, such as the "permission denied" error mentioned in the forum thread, when working with PHP and PDF files?

The "permission denied" error typically occurs when the PHP script does not have the necessary permissions to access or modify a file, such as a PDF file. To resolve this issue, you can check and adjust the file permissions using the chmod function in PHP.

// Check and adjust file permissions
$file = 'example.pdf';
if (file_exists($file)) {
    chmod($file, 0644); // Set read permissions for the file
    // Proceed with file operations
} else {
    echo 'File not found.';
}