What steps can be taken to troubleshoot and debug SQL syntax errors in PHP code?

To troubleshoot and debug SQL syntax errors in PHP code, you can start by checking the SQL query for any syntax errors such as missing commas, quotation marks, or incorrect table/column names. You can also use functions like mysqli_error() to get more information about the error. Additionally, try echoing out the SQL query before executing it to see if there are any obvious mistakes.

// Example code snippet to troubleshoot and debug SQL syntax errors
$sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = 'john'";
echo $sql; // Output the SQL query for debugging purposes

$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);
if (!$result) {
    echo "Error: " . mysqli_error($conn); // Output the specific SQL syntax error
} else {
    // Process the query result
}