What role does the PHP user executing the script play in file upload permissions, and how can this be managed effectively?

The PHP user executing the script plays a crucial role in determining file upload permissions. To manage this effectively, it is important to ensure that the PHP user has the necessary permissions to upload files to the designated directory. This can be achieved by setting the correct ownership and permissions on the upload directory to allow the PHP user to write to it.

// Set the correct ownership and permissions on the upload directory
$uploadDir = '/path/to/upload/directory';
chown($uploadDir, 'www-data'); // Change 'www-data' to the appropriate PHP user
chmod($uploadDir, 0755); // Adjust permissions as needed