What role does the HTML form action attribute play in the successful transmission of XFDF files via email using PHP?

The HTML form action attribute specifies where the form data should be submitted to upon submission. In the case of transmitting XFDF files via email using PHP, the action attribute should point to a PHP script that processes the form data and sends the XFDF file as an attachment in an email. This PHP script will handle the file upload, email composition, and sending process.

```php
<form action="process_form.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" name="xfdf_file">
    <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
```

In the "process_form.php" script, you can handle the XFDF file upload, compose the email with the XFDF file as an attachment, and send the email using PHP's mail function or a library like PHPMailer.