What resources or functions within PHP can be utilized to effectively handle file operations like reading, writing, and modifying data?

To effectively handle file operations like reading, writing, and modifying data in PHP, you can utilize functions like `file_get_contents()`, `file_put_contents()`, `fopen()`, `fwrite()`, `fread()`, `fclose()`, `fseek()`, `feof()`, etc. These functions allow you to open, read, write, and close files easily.

// Reading data from a file
$data = file_get_contents('example.txt');
echo $data;

// Writing data to a file
$file = 'example.txt';
$data = "Hello, World!";
file_put_contents($file, $data);

// Modifying data in a file
$file = 'example.txt';
$handle = fopen($file, 'r+');
$data = fread($handle, filesize($file));
$data = str_replace('Hello', 'Hi', $data);
fseek($handle, 0);
fwrite($handle, $data);
fclose($handle);