What potential pitfalls should PHP developers be aware of when working with multiple tables and fetching data?

When working with multiple tables and fetching data in PHP, developers should be aware of the potential pitfalls of SQL injection attacks and inefficient queries. To prevent SQL injection, always use prepared statements with parameterized queries. Additionally, optimize queries by using proper indexing and limiting the amount of data fetched to improve performance. 

// Example of using prepared statements to prevent SQL injection
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=database', 'username', 'password');

$stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id');
$stmt->bindParam(':id', $id);
$stmt->execute();

$result = $stmt->fetchAll();

Keywords

SQL injection JOIN statements foreign keys data duplication performance optimization

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