What potential pitfalls should be considered when counting specific values in an array in PHP?

When counting specific values in an array in PHP, it is important to consider potential pitfalls such as case sensitivity, data type mismatches, and the presence of null values. To ensure accurate counting, it is recommended to normalize the values before counting them. This can be done by converting all values to a consistent case (e.g., lowercase) and checking for null values before counting.

// Example code snippet to count specific values in an array while normalizing the values
$values = ['apple', 'Orange', 'apple', 'banana', null, 'Apple'];
$countedValues = array_count_values(array_map('strtolower', array_filter($values, function($value) {
    return $value !== null;
})));

print_r($countedValues);