What potential pitfalls can arise when using PDO prepared statements for INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE in PHP?

When using PDO prepared statements for INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE in PHP, a potential pitfall is that the UPDATE part of the query may not work as expected if the columns being updated are not properly bound to the prepared statement. To solve this issue, make sure to bind all columns that need to be updated in the ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE clause.

// Assuming $pdo is your PDO object and $data is an array of values to insert/update
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (:value1, :value2) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE column2 = :value2");

$stmt->bindParam(':value1', $data['value1']);
$stmt->bindParam(':value2', $data['value2']);

$stmt->execute();