What potential pitfalls can arise when creating thumbnails with varying orientations from videos using PHP?

When creating thumbnails from videos with varying orientations using PHP, a potential pitfall is that the thumbnails may not accurately represent the video content due to incorrect orientation. To solve this issue, you can use FFmpeg to extract frames from the video and automatically rotate them based on the video's orientation metadata.

// Path to the video file
$videoPath = 'path/to/video.mp4';

// Use FFmpeg to extract frames from the video
exec("ffmpeg -i $videoPath -vf 'transpose=1' -r 1 -q:v 2 -f image2 thumbnails/%03d.jpg");

// This command will extract frames from the video and rotate them based on orientation metadata
// The rotated thumbnails will be saved in the 'thumbnails' directory