What potential issue could cause the script to insert an empty row into the database?

The potential issue that could cause the script to insert an empty row into the database is if the variables being passed to the SQL query are empty or null. To solve this issue, you should check if the variables are empty before executing the SQL query to prevent inserting empty rows.

// Check if the variables are not empty before executing the SQL query
if(!empty($variable1) && !empty($variable2) && !empty($variable3)) {
    // Execute the SQL query to insert data into the database
    $sql = "INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3) VALUES ('$variable1', '$variable2', '$variable3')";
    $result = mysqli_query($connection, $sql);

    if($result) {
        echo "Data inserted successfully";
    } else {
        echo "Error: " . mysqli_error($connection);
    }
} else {
    echo "Error: Variables cannot be empty";
}