What PHP functions or methods can be used to efficiently identify and display differences between user input data and data stored in a database?

When comparing user input data with data stored in a database, the use of PHP functions like `array_diff()` and `array_intersect()` can be helpful in efficiently identifying differences. `array_diff()` can be used to find values in the user input data that are not present in the database, while `array_intersect()` can be used to find values that are common between the two datasets. By using these functions, you can easily display the discrepancies to the user.

// User input data
$userData = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange'];

// Data stored in the database
$dbData = ['apple', 'banana', 'grape'];

// Find values in user input data that are not present in the database
$missingValues = array_diff($userData, $dbData);

// Find common values between user input data and database data
$commonValues = array_intersect($userData, $dbData);

// Display the differences to the user
echo "Values missing in the database: " . implode(', ', $missingValues) . "\n";
echo "Common values between user input and database data: " . implode(', ', $commonValues);