What PHP functions or constants can be used to determine the path of a file or directory in a PHP script?

To determine the path of a file or directory in a PHP script, you can use the `__FILE__` constant to get the full path of the current file, and the `dirname()` function to get the directory name of a specified path. These functions can be helpful when you need to include other files or access resources in your project using their absolute paths.

// Get the full path of the current file
$currentFilePath = __FILE__;

// Get the directory name of a specified path
$directoryPath = dirname('/path/to/your/file.php');