What PHP functions can be used to convert ASCII characters to Umlauts in a text document?

To convert ASCII characters to Umlauts in a text document, you can use the `iconv()` function in PHP. This function allows you to convert between different character encodings, including ASCII and UTF-8 which supports Umlauts. By specifying the input and output character encoding, you can easily convert ASCII characters to Umlauts in a text document.

// Input text with ASCII characters
$inputText = "This is an example text with ASCII characters: ae, oe, ue.";

// Convert ASCII characters to Umlauts
$outputText = iconv('ASCII', 'UTF-8', $inputText);

// Output the converted text
echo $outputText;