What is the best practice for handling data validation, insertion into a database, and sending emails in a PHP MVC model?

When handling data validation, insertion into a database, and sending emails in a PHP MVC model, it is best practice to separate concerns by utilizing separate classes or methods for each task. This helps maintain a clean and organized codebase, making it easier to manage and debug.

// Example of handling data validation in a separate class
class Validator {
    public function validateData($data) {
        // Validation logic here
    }
}

// Example of inserting data into a database in a separate class
class Database {
    public function insertData($data) {
        // Database insertion logic here
    }
}

// Example of sending emails in a separate class
class EmailSender {
    public function sendEmail($to, $subject, $message) {
        // Email sending logic here
    }
}