What debugging techniques can be used to identify the root cause of the issue in the code?

Issue: To identify the root cause of an issue in the code, debugging techniques such as using print statements, logging, stepping through the code with a debugger, and using error reporting functions can be helpful.

// Example PHP code snippet with debugging techniques

// Using print statements
echo "Debugging point 1";

// Logging
error_log("Debugging point 2");

// Stepping through the code with a debugger

// Error reporting functions
ini_set('display_errors', 1);
error_reporting(E_ALL);