What debugging techniques can be used to identify unexpected file manipulation behavior in PHP scripts?

To identify unexpected file manipulation behavior in PHP scripts, you can use debugging techniques such as inserting print statements to track the flow of the script, checking the file permissions and ownership, using error handling functions like `error_log()` or `trigger_error()`, and utilizing PHP's built-in debugging tools like Xdebug. 

// Example code snippet using error handling to identify unexpected file manipulation behavior
$file = 'example.txt';

if (!file_exists($file)) {
    trigger_error('File does not exist', E_USER_ERROR);
}

if (!is_writable($file)) {
    trigger_error('File is not writable', E_USER_ERROR);
}

// Perform file manipulation operations here

Keywords

debugging file manipulation PHP scripts error handling logging

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