What best practices should PHP developers follow to handle UTF-8 encoding consistently across their PHP files, headers, and email content to avoid character encoding issues?

To handle UTF-8 encoding consistently across PHP files, headers, and email content, PHP developers should ensure that all PHP files are saved with UTF-8 encoding without BOM, set the UTF-8 encoding in the HTTP headers, and use appropriate functions like mb_internal_encoding() and mb_send_mail() for email content to avoid character encoding issues. 

// Set UTF-8 encoding for PHP files
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');

// Example of sending UTF-8 encoded email
$to = 'recipient@example.com';
$subject = 'Subject with UTF-8 characters: é, ü, ñ';
$message = 'Message with UTF-8 characters: café, über, señor';
$headers = 'From: sender@example.com' . "\r\n" .
    'Reply-To: sender@example.com' . "\r\n" .
    'MIME-Version: 1.0' . "\r\n" .
    'Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8' . "\r\n";

mb_send_mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);

Keywords

UTF-8 character encoding PHP files headers email content

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