What best practices should be followed when handling file operations in PHP?

When handling file operations in PHP, it is important to follow best practices to ensure security and efficiency. This includes validating user input, checking for file existence before performing operations, using absolute file paths, properly handling errors, and closing file handles after use. 

// Example of best practices for handling file operations in PHP

// Validate user input
$filename = $_POST['filename'];
if (!preg_match('/^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+$/', $filename)) {
    die("Invalid filename");
}

// Check for file existence
if (file_exists($filename)) {
    // Perform file operations here
    $file = fopen($filename, 'r');
    // Read file contents, write to file, etc.
    fclose($file);
} else {
    die("File does not exist");
}

Keywords

file operations PHP security error handling permissions

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