What are the security implications of using PHP_SELF in form actions, and how can developers mitigate these risks?

Using PHP_SELF in form actions can expose your application to potential security risks such as XSS attacks and form spoofing. To mitigate these risks, developers should use htmlspecialchars() function to sanitize the input and prevent malicious code injection.

<form action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]); ?>" method="post">
  <!-- form fields here -->
</form>