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What are the recommended coding conventions and syntax guidelines for writing SQL queries in PHP to ensure compatibility and readability?

When writing SQL queries in PHP, it is important to follow coding conventions and syntax guidelines to ensure compatibility and readability. This includes using consistent naming conventions for tables, columns, and variables, properly escaping user input to prevent SQL injection attacks, and formatting queries for easy readability. By following these best practices, you can write clean and secure SQL queries in PHP.

php 
// Example of a properly formatted and secure SQL query in PHP
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase', 'username', 'password');

$userInput = $_POST['user_input']; // Assuming this is user input

$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username");
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $userInput, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->execute();

$result = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

foreach ($result as $row) {
    echo $row['username'] . '<br>';
}

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