What are the potential security risks associated with using the first PHP code variant?

The potential security risks associated with using the first PHP code variant include the vulnerability to SQL injection attacks due to directly concatenating user input into the SQL query. To solve this issue, it is recommended to use prepared statements with parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection attacks. 

// Using prepared statements to prevent SQL injection
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username AND password = :password");
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $username);
$stmt->bindParam(':password', $password);
$stmt->execute();

Keywords

SQL injection cross-site scripting insecure file uploads remote code execution session hijacking

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