What are the potential security risks associated with dynamic class calls in PHP?

Potential security risks associated with dynamic class calls in PHP include the possibility of allowing user input to directly control which class is instantiated, leading to potential code injection attacks or unauthorized access to sensitive data. To mitigate this risk, it is important to validate and sanitize any user input used in dynamic class calls to ensure that only expected and safe class names are used.

// Validate and sanitize user input before using it in dynamic class calls
$user_input = $_POST['class_name'];

// Only allow specific class names to be instantiated
$allowed_classes = ['Class1', 'Class2', 'Class3'];

if (in_array($user_input, $allowed_classes)) {
    $class_instance = new $user_input();
} else {
    // Handle invalid class name input
    echo "Invalid class name";
}