What are the potential pitfalls of using file-based configurations in PHP, and how can they be mitigated?

Potential pitfalls of using file-based configurations in PHP include security risks if the configuration files are accessible to unauthorized users, difficulty in managing and updating configurations across multiple environments, and potential performance issues due to reading and parsing configuration files on every request. These issues can be mitigated by storing sensitive information in environment variables instead of configuration files, using version control to manage configuration changes, and caching configuration values to improve performance.

// Example of storing sensitive information in environment variables
$database_host = getenv('DB_HOST');
$database_username = getenv('DB_USER');
$database_password = getenv('DB_PASS');

// Example of caching configuration values
$config = [];
function getConfig($key) {
    global $config;
    
    if (empty($config)) {
        $config = parse_ini_file('config.ini');
    }
    
    return $config[$key] ?? null;
}

$database_host = getConfig('DB_HOST');
$database_username = getConfig('DB_USER');
$database_password = getConfig('DB_PASS');