What are the potential pitfalls of handling Umlaut characters in PHP forms and scripts?

When handling Umlaut characters in PHP forms and scripts, one potential pitfall is that these characters may not be properly encoded or decoded, leading to issues with data integrity or display. To solve this, it is important to ensure that the proper character encoding is set for both the form submission and the script processing the data.

// Set the character encoding for form submission
<form accept-charset="UTF-8">

// Set the character encoding for PHP scripts
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8');