What are the potential pitfalls of using the MySQL extension in PHP and why should developers consider using mysqli or PDO_MySQL instead?

The MySQL extension in PHP is deprecated and has been removed as of PHP 7.0. Developers should consider using either mysqli or PDO_MySQL for database operations to ensure compatibility with newer versions of PHP and to take advantage of additional features and security enhancements provided by these extensions.

// Using mysqli extension
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "username", "password", "database");
if ($mysqli->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $mysqli->connect_error);
}

// Using PDO extension
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=database", "username", "password");
$pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);