What are the potential pitfalls of using explode or substr functions to break down a string into individual characters in PHP?

Using explode or substr functions to break down a string into individual characters in PHP can be inefficient for large strings as they create arrays or substrings for each character. A more efficient way is to iterate over the string using a for loop and access each character directly. This approach avoids unnecessary array creation and improves performance.

$string = "Hello";
$length = strlen($string);

for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
    $char = $string[$i];
    // Do something with the character
}