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What are the potential drawbacks of using frameworks like Propel for OR-mapping in PHP?

One potential drawback of using frameworks like Propel for OR-mapping in PHP is that it can introduce unnecessary complexity and overhead, especially for smaller projects. Additionally, relying on a framework for OR-mapping can limit flexibility and customization options, as developers are constrained by the framework's predefined conventions and structures. To address these drawbacks, developers can consider using simpler, lightweight OR-mapping libraries or implementing custom ORM solutions tailored to the specific requirements of their project.

php 
// Example of implementing a custom ORM solution in PHP

class CustomORM {
    private $connection;

    public function __construct($host, $username, $password, $database) {
        $this->connection = new PDO("mysql:host=$host;dbname=$database", $username, $password);
    }

    public function query($sql, $params = []) {
        $statement = $this->connection->prepare($sql);
        $statement->execute($params);
        return $statement->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
    }

    // Add more custom ORM methods as needed
}

// Example of using the CustomORM class
$customORM = new CustomORM('localhost', 'username', 'password', 'database');
$results = $customORM->query('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?', [1]);

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