What are the potential challenges when working with Unicode characters in PHP strings and how can they be addressed?

One potential challenge when working with Unicode characters in PHP strings is that functions like strlen() may not accurately count the number of characters due to multibyte characters. To address this, you can use the mb_strlen() function which specifically handles multibyte characters.

$string = "Hello, 你好";
$length = mb_strlen($string, 'UTF-8');
echo $length; // Output: 9