What are the limitations of using shell_exec in PHP, especially in relation to safe mode?

When using shell_exec in PHP, especially in relation to safe mode, there are limitations due to security concerns. Safe mode restricts the execution of certain functions, including shell_exec, to prevent potential security risks such as command injection attacks. To work around this limitation, you can disable safe mode or use alternative functions that are allowed in safe mode. 

// Disable safe mode by setting it to 0
ini_set('safe_mode', 0);

// Now you can use shell_exec safely
$output = shell_exec('ls -la');
echo $output;

Keywords

shell_exec PHP limitations safe mode security

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