What are the key differences between prozedural and object-oriented PHP programming, and how can beginners ensure they are following OOP principles effectively?

Procedural programming focuses on writing code in a linear manner, while object-oriented programming (OOP) emphasizes organizing code into objects with properties and methods. Beginners can ensure they are following OOP principles effectively by creating classes that represent real-world entities, using inheritance and polymorphism, and encapsulating data within objects.

// Example of creating a class in PHP
class Car {
  public $brand;
  public $model;

  public function __construct($brand, $model) {
    $this->brand = $brand;
    $this->model = $model;
  }

  public function displayInfo() {
    echo "This is a {$this->brand} {$this->model}.";
  }
}

// Creating an object of the Car class
$car = new Car("Toyota", "Corolla");
$car->displayInfo();