What are the drawbacks of not restructuring the database design when facing challenges with array filtering in PHP?

When facing challenges with array filtering in PHP due to a poorly structured database design, the drawbacks include inefficient and complex code to filter and manipulate the data. It can lead to slower performance, increased maintenance costs, and difficulty in scaling the application.

// Example of restructuring the database design to improve array filtering in PHP

// Before restructuring
// Inefficient query to fetch data
$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 30 AND city = 'New York'";
$result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);
$data = mysqli_fetch_all($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC);

// After restructuring
// Improved query with better database design
$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 30 AND city_id = 1";
$result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);
$data = mysqli_fetch_all($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC);