What are the different levels of testing that can be applied to PHP code (e.g., unit tests, integration tests, functional tests), and how do they contribute to overall code quality and reliability?

Different levels of testing that can be applied to PHP code include unit tests, integration tests, and functional tests. Unit tests focus on testing individual components or functions in isolation, ensuring they work as expected. Integration tests check how different components work together in a system, while functional tests validate the overall behavior of the application. By implementing these various levels of testing, developers can improve code quality, identify bugs early, and increase the reliability of their PHP applications. 

// Example of a unit test in PHP using PHPUnit
class MyTestClass extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
    public function testAddition() {
        $result = add(2, 3);
        $this->assertEquals(5, $result);
    }
    
    public function add($a, $b) {
        return $a + $b;
    }
}

Keywords

unit tests integration tests functional tests code quality reliability

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