What are the differences between Windows CMD and Apache "console" in terms of executing commands through PHP?

When executing commands through PHP, there are differences between Windows CMD and Apache "console" in terms of syntax and functionality. Windows CMD uses different commands and syntax compared to the Apache "console." To ensure compatibility and proper execution of commands, it is important to understand these differences and adjust the code accordingly.

// Example PHP code snippet to execute commands through Windows CMD
$output = shell_exec('dir');
echo "<pre>$output</pre>";

// Example PHP code snippet to execute commands through Apache "console"
$output = shell_exec('ls');
echo "<pre>$output</pre>";