What are the differences between executing shell commands on a Linux server versus a Windows server in PHP?

When executing shell commands on a Linux server in PHP, you can use functions like `exec()`, `shell_exec()`, or `system()`. These functions allow you to run commands in the shell and retrieve the output. On a Windows server, you can use the `exec()` function as well, but you may need to provide the full path to the executable or script you want to run. 

// Execute a shell command on a Linux server
$output = shell_exec('ls -l');
echo $output;

// Execute a shell command on a Windows server
$output = shell_exec('C:\path\to\executable.exe');
echo $output;

Keywords

Linux Windows shell commands PHP execution

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