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What are the best practices for structuring classes and managing dependencies in PHP applications?

When structuring classes and managing dependencies in PHP applications, it is essential to follow the principles of object-oriented programming such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Additionally, utilizing design patterns like Dependency Injection can help manage dependencies effectively and improve the flexibility and maintainability of the codebase.

php 
// Example of structuring classes and managing dependencies using Dependency Injection

class Database {
    public function connect() {
        // Database connection logic
    }
}

class UserRepository {
    private $db;

    public function __construct(Database $db) {
        $this->db = $db;
    }

    public function getUserById($id) {
        // Query database using $this->db
    }
}

// Implementation
$db = new Database();
$userRepo = new UserRepository($db);
$user = $userRepo->getUserById(1);

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