What are the best practices for structuring directories and paths when implementing file downloads in PHP?

When implementing file downloads in PHP, it is important to structure directories and paths in a secure and organized manner to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive files. One best practice is to store downloadable files outside of the web root directory to prevent direct access through the browser. Use a unique identifier or hash in the file path to obscure the actual location of the file. Additionally, validate user permissions before allowing downloads to ensure only authorized users can access the files. 

<?php
// Define the directory where downloadable files are stored
$downloadDir = '/path/to/downloadable/files/';

// Generate a unique filename or hash for the file
$filename = 'example_file.pdf';
$filePath = $downloadDir . $filename;

// Check if the user has permission to download the file
if (/* add your permission validation logic here */) {
    // Set appropriate headers for file download
    header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');
    header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . $filename . '"');
    
    // Output the file for download
    readfile($filePath);
} else {
    // Handle unauthorized access
    echo 'You do not have permission to download this file.';
}
?>

Keywords

file downloads directory structure paths PHP functions error handling

Related Questions