What are the best practices for securely managing file permissions in PHP applications?

When managing file permissions in PHP applications, it is important to follow best practices to ensure the security of your files. This includes setting appropriate permissions for files and directories, avoiding using overly permissive permissions, and regularly reviewing and updating permissions to restrict access to sensitive files.

// Set file permissions to 0644 for files and 0755 for directories
chmod("/path/to/file", 0644);
chmod("/path/to/directory", 0755);

// Avoid using overly permissive permissions like 0777
// Regularly review and update permissions to restrict access to sensitive files