What are the best practices for implementing a dynamic permission system in a PHP CMS, considering scalability and flexibility?

Implementing a dynamic permission system in a PHP CMS involves creating a flexible and scalable system that allows for granular control over user permissions. One approach is to use a role-based permission system where users are assigned roles with specific permissions. This allows for easy management of permissions and scalability as new roles and permissions can be easily added.

// Example code snippet for implementing a dynamic permission system in PHP CMS

// Define roles and their respective permissions
$roles = [
    'admin' => ['manage_users', 'manage_content'],
    'editor' => ['manage_content'],
    'author' => ['write_content']
];

// Check if a user has permission to perform a certain action
function checkPermission($userRole, $permissionNeeded, $roles) {
    if (isset($roles[$userRole]) && in_array($permissionNeeded, $roles[$userRole])) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

// Example usage
$userRole = 'admin';
$permissionNeeded = 'manage_users';

if (checkPermission($userRole, $permissionNeeded, $roles)) {
    echo "User has permission to manage users.";
} else {
    echo "User does not have permission to manage users.";
}