What are the best practices for encapsulating database queries in a class for PHP applications?

Encapsulating database queries in a class helps to improve code organization, reusability, and maintainability in PHP applications. By creating a separate class specifically for handling database interactions, it allows for better separation of concerns and easier testing of database-related functionality. 

<?php

class Database {
    private $connection;

    public function __construct($host, $username, $password, $database) {
        $this->connection = new mysqli($host, $username, $password, $database);

        if ($this->connection->connect_error) {
            die("Connection failed: " . $this->connection->connect_error);
        }
    }

    public function query($sql) {
        return $this->connection->query($sql);
    }

    public function fetch($result) {
        return $result->fetch_assoc();
    }

    public function close() {
        $this->connection->close();
    }
}

// Example usage
$db = new Database("localhost", "username", "password", "database");
$result = $db->query("SELECT * FROM users");
while ($row = $db->fetch($result)) {
    echo $row['username'] . "<br>";
}
$db->close();

?>

Keywords

PHP database queries encapsulation class applications

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